1155 A.D.
Pope Adrian IV or Hadrian IV, the only English Pope in the history of the pontiffs, crowns Frederick I Barbarossa as Holy Roman Emperor after the German king repented for refusing to hold the bridle of the Pope's mule, a tradition that Frederick broke and Adrian had retaliated by refusing him the kiss of peace at Mass. Though the Pope coronated Frederick, any benevolence between the two soon dissipated and for over a century there would be distrust and intrigue between the German kings and the Holy See.
1164 A.D.
Death of Saint Elizabeth of Schonau, Benedictine abbess who experienced ecstacies, visions, and messages of prophecy. She also suffered greatly from bruises received in confrontations with the devil throughout her life.
1464 A.D.
Pope Pius II becomes the first pope to lead a crusade, but his own personal crusade against Islam and the Koran never materializes as he died two months later, thus ending the last possible chance of an organized crusade. Since it never occurred, it is not included in the list of crusades.
1859 A.D.
Pope Pius IX released his encyclical Qui nuper on Pontifical States.